Sg. | Dual. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
- | -=k* | -it |
*= → doubling proceeded vowel
Soft Declension (-V, -t)
Case | Affix |
---|---|
Dir. | - |
Gen. | -n |
Dat. | -mṙt |
Loc. | -sa |
Abl. | -ta |
Pro.(Inst.) | -kuv |
Equ. | -tun |
Hard declension(-k, -r, -n)
-k nouns
Case | Affix |
---|---|
Dir. | - |
Gen. | -#-ṙ |
Dat. | -ṙ-t |
Loc. | -#-ša |
Abl. | -#-ta |
Pro.(Inst.) | -#-gruv |
Equ. | -#-tun |
-r nouns
Case | Affix |
---|---|
Dir. | - |
Gen. | -#-ṙ |
Dat. | -ṙ-t |
Loc. | -#-ša |
Abl. | -ṙ-ta |
Pro.(Inst.) | -ruv |
Equ. | -ṙ-tun |
-n nouns
Case | Affix |
---|---|
Dir. | - |
Gen. | -n |
Dat. | -m-mṙt |
Loc. | -ža |
Abl. | -nta |
Pro.(Inst.) | -nuv |
Equ. | -ntun |
Dual & plural
Dual | Pl. |
---|---|
-=k → -=n | -it → -iti |
1st | 2nd | 3rd |
---|---|---|
vi | illi | tṙana |
Distance | Pronoun |
---|---|
This (very close) | ṙna |
This | mana |
That | tamana |
That (very far) | taika |
It | tṙana |
by possesor, -#- for hard declension
Affix | |
---|---|
1st sg. | -ga |
1st pl. | -ka |
2nd | -si |
3rd | -nža |
Agreement with subject
1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
---|---|---|---|
sg. | -na | -ti | -aa* |
pl. | -ma | -či | -va |
*-a proceeding after long vowel, samely applied in hard declension
Hard declension
-k / -r verbs
1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
---|---|---|---|
sg. | -#-ṙa | -ṙ-ti | -aa |
pl. | -ma | -či | -va |
-n verbs
1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
---|---|---|---|
sg. | -na | -nti | -aa |
pl. | -m-ma | -či | -nva |
Agreement with object
1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
---|---|---|---|
sg. | -jann- | -jagi- | -jara- |
pl. | -jati- | -jassi- | -jaka- |
Hard declension
-k/-r verbs
1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
---|---|---|---|
sg. | -g-rann- | -g-ragi- | -g-rara- |
pl. | -g-rati- | -g-rassi- | -g-raka- |
-n verbs
1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
---|---|---|---|
sg. | -ntann- | -ntagi- | -ntara- |
pl. | -ntati- | -ntassi- | -ntaka- |
-#- for hard declension
Tense | Affix |
---|---|
Past | -lar- |
Past (a moment ago) | -ratṙar- |
Present | - |
Future (soon) | -lanna- |
Future | -ne- |
Future (someday) | -lṙak- |
Imperfect | Perfect |
---|---|
- | -sema-* |
*-#- for hard declension & -šema- for -k/-r verbs
Voice | |
---|---|
Active | S(dir.) + O(dir.) + V(dbl. ending) |
Antipassive | S(dir.) + O(pro.) + V(sg. ending) |
Reflexive | S(dir.) + V(sg. ending) |
Mood | Affix |
---|---|
Indicative | - |
Interrogative | -#-ku- |
Imperative | -ki / -nak(neg.) / -kuvn(3rd) |
Optative | -#-lla |
Conditional | -esi- |
Causative | -ga- / -#-ra-(k,r) / -na-(n) |
Dubitative | -la- |
Contemporative | -lu- |
Participal | -gi- / -#-ri-(k,r) / -ni-(n) |
*negative → -#-je-
Infinitive | Supine |
---|---|
-a | -#-vat |
Directive
Dir. supine + kagra → destiny / possiblity
Dir. supine + takagra → obligation
Locative
Loc. supine + ua → in progress
Loc. supine + in + ua → begining
Ablative
Abl. supine + ua → prohibition
Attributive → Noun declension
Predicative → Verb declension
-(vowel) | -k / -r | -t / -n |
---|---|---|
-# + affix | -r + affix | -n + affix |
Affix | Modifier word |
---|---|
-nišar (+ua) | ameči |
Affix | Modifier word |
---|---|
-lṙar (+ua) | selleči |
Adverb | Comperative | Superative |
---|---|---|
(declension form)-či | ameči + adv. | selleči + adv. |